When the rod is cooled from 210°C to 160°C, it will contract in length due to thermal contraction. The change in length of the rod is given by:
ΔL = L
αΔT
where L is the original length of the rod, α is the coefficient of linear expansion, and ΔT is the change in temperature.
When a mass M is attached to the lower end of the rod, it will stretch due to the weight of the mass. The elongation of the rod is given by:
ΔL=AYMgL
where M is the mass, g is the acceleration due to gravity, A is the cross-sectional area of the rod, Y is the Young's modulus of the rod, and L is the original length of the rod.
∴ LαΔT=AYMgL
⇒ αΔT=AYMg
⇒ Mg=AYαΔT
⇒ M×10=2×1011×3×10−6×2×10−5×50
⇒ M=60 kg