To determine the option in which the hybridisation of the underlined atom is affected, we need to look at each reaction and predict the changes in hybridisation that might be occuring with the reactants and products.
Option A:
In the reaction XeF4+SbF5→, xenon tetrafluoride (XeF4) reacts with antimony pentafluoride (SbF5). XeF4 is a square planar molecule, and the central Xe atom is sp3d2 hybridised. The reaction with SbF5 can lead to the formation of a complex where the hybridisation of Xe changes if it coordinates with SbF5. Thus, the hybridisation of Xe may indeed be affected in this case.
| XeF4 |
+ |
SbF5 |
→ |
[XeF3]+[SbF6]- |
| sp3d2 |
|
|
|
sp3d sp3d2 |
Option B:
In the reaction ⟶H2SO4+NaCl\buildrel420K, sulfuric acid (H2SO4) reacts with sodium chloride (NaCl). The underlined atom here is sulfur (S). In sulfuric acid, sulfur is hybridised as sp3. Upon heating, there is typically no change in the hybridisation of the sulfur atom within sulfuric acid as part of this reaction. Therefore, the hybridisation of S is likely not affected.
Option C:
In the reaction ⟶H3PO2\buildrelDisproportionation, phosphorous acid (H3PO2) is undergoing a disproportionation reaction. The underlined atom is phosphorus (P). In H3PO2, the hybridisation of the phosphorus atom is sp3. A typical disproportionation reaction of phosphorous acid would result in phosphine (PH3) and orthophosphoric acid (H3PO4). The phosphorus atom in PH3 will have sp3 hybridisation while in H3PO4 the phosphorus atom is sp3 hybridised. Given this information, the hybridisation of phosphorus may or may not change, depending on the resulting state of the phosphorus atom in the products. It's not a clear-cut case without knowing the specific products.
Option D:
In the reaction ⟶NH3\buildrelH+, ammonia (NH3) is reacting with a proton (H+). The underlined atom is nitrogen (N). In NH3, the nitrogen is sp3 hybridised. When ammonia accepts a proton, it forms ammonium ion (NH4+), which is also sp3 hybridised. Therefore, there is no change in the hybridisation of nitrogen in this case.
Given this information, the option in which the hybridisation of the underlined atom is most clearly affected is Option A, where the reaction can lead to coordination changes to the Xe atom, potentially affecting its hybridisation.